Virtual and Social Media of Wikis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Virtual and Social Media of Wikis - Essay Example Wikis are hosted by a third party, and is largely popular for people who like to browse, input comments on certain topics and share information through simple means. The creation of wikis mainly caters to an audience who want to have a chance to interact with particular web contents. People practice virtual and social media communication by accessing wikis. Wikis are made to help people come to know about things he has the least knowledge about. It also empowers viewers to remove from the site they are viewing topics which they consider off. People interact with each other by sharing information, comments, and suggestions through this software. People then get the chance to add on to their knowledge, but also develop their interactive skills when accessing Wikis. On a personal level, wikis enhance communication and interaction among web fanatics. On a business level, wikis enable companies to develop networks which consequently simplify work and increase productivity. Businesses gain inputs from viewers while getting important messages across the targeted group, giving them a chance to successfully market their products, services or even ideas. Bigger companies use Wikis to collaborate with clients and manage production on major projects. Wikis, as in any other technology, has its strengths and downsides. One of its strengths lies in the fact that it serves its purpose very well, it is very engaging and it never fails to trigger participation from the target audience. Information written on the web may be altered or modified by anyone. It is useful as well as easy to use; it is not structured or prohibiting. It enhances interaction and gives the audience the enjoyment of participating in information sharing. Wikis are also very flexible. It bends according to the needs of the user.

Discuss why business ethics is concerned with issues of ''right'' and Essay

Discuss why business ethics is concerned with issues of ''right'' and ''wrong'' behavior in business context - Essay Example Further, a company with a bad reputation because of unethical practices tends to have difficulty when recruiting or maintaining its workforce. In many cases, job seekers prefer to work for institutions that uphold business ethics while giving them the opportunity to expand themselves within the organization (Miller & Jentz 2008:49). The result of this is that the effect of business ethics spills over to a company’s consumers because they experience satisfying services because of the unity that exists within a company. Potential employees also get attracted to companies with good reputation, not to mention buyers as well. Good ethics will improve the society. If no one dies or gets hurt at work, there is no exploitation, and no one is complaining, then that means the society is moving forward. Good ethics at work places creates a favorable working environment that means there is teamwork and coordination that leads to more productivity and higher profits. According to research, fair and sincere ethics like correction and motivation at the workplace contributes to employee growth and organizational commitment by employees as this instills values and treatment with respect (Parboteeah & Cullen, 2013:57). Additionally, corporate ethics also prevents criminal acts as it aids in detecting and reporting cases of theft and unethical conduct to the respective authorities. A company that observes the required business ethics operates within a sense of pride as its work force extends its reputation beyond the workplace, which influences a stronger public image. Scholars have established that the relationship that exists between ethics and good financial performance tends to attract positive result that may include prosperity for the company (Sims, 2003: 240). In many cases, the business ethics tends to influence corporate social responsibility and guided leadership. In this regard, this essay will delve in to the four alternative views of ethical behavior in busine ss enterprises and explain on its link with the definitions of corporate social responsibility using examples. As per the existing definitions, ethics defines the set moral code of principles that denote good or the opposite bad, right or the opposite wrong in an individual’s conduct. Essentially, an individual’s moral principles draws influence from family, culture, friends, learning institutions, religions, and personal experiences. Ethics and the moral code yield ethical behavior, which is relatively the acceptable ‘good’ and ‘right’ instead of the ‘bad’ or ‘wrong’ within the context of regulating moral code. In many cases, society and individuals tend to view anything practiced within legal parameters to be ethical, but this may not necessarily be the case (Schermerhorn 2011). A better-placed example of this would be the way in which women could not participate as voters in any democratic process because it was la w. On the contrary, a practice may not be illegal, but this does not warrant it ethical as adhering to the law may not be entirely ethical (Lussier 2012: 69). In relation to a business setting, there is no justification when an employee skips work in the guise that they are sick with their intention

Sport marketing assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sport marketing assignment - Essay Example To begin with, Nike invested significant amounts of time and money into researching, testing and tinkering with new footwear designs to ensure its products delivered performance based innovation to the consumers. In relation to product innovation, the Company was geared towards delivering the most innovative, highest performing and sustainable products in football. Secondly, the Company used enablement innovation through the creation of new ways and tools for the FOT to become a better player. Thirdly, the Company intended to connect at a deeper level by getting under the FOT’s skin and continue its impact through any marketing activity that would let the Nike brand resonates emotionally with the consumer. Fourthly, the Company intended to create a message that will open a dialogue with the consumer, beyond a sales increase linked to the World Cup, a strategy meant to foster lasting customer loyalty (Hartman & Patricia 35). Finally, was to incorporate a timing strategy that would ensure that the Company wins the battle before the opening whistle even blows. Moreover, the Company perceived the World Cup as an amplifier and not a goal but as a means to an end and a moment in time. In conclusion, Nike Corporation is committed to ensuring that it manufactures high-end quality products for its consumers to gain a competitive advantage over other brands. The company has designed a winning marketing strategy meant to communicate clearly and effectively to the target athletic consumers and major football

Child Labour Essay Example for Free

Child Labour Essay Child labor is work that harms children or keeps them from attending school. Around the world growing gaps between rich and poor in recent decades have forced millions of young children out of school and into work. The International Labor Organization estimates that 215 million children between the ages of 5 and 17 currently work under conditions that are considered illegal, hazardous, or extremely exploitative. Underage children work at all sorts of jobs around the world, usually because they and their families are extremely poor. Large numbers of children work in commercial agriculture, fishing, manufacturing, mining, and domestic service. Some children work in illicit activities like the drug trade and prostitution or other traumatic activities such as serving as soldiers. Some social scientists point out that some kinds of work may be completely unobjectionable — except for one thing about the work that makes it exploitative. For instance, a child who delivers newspapers before school might actually benefit from learning how to work, gaining responsibility, and a bit of money. But what if the child is not paid? Then he or she is being exploited. As UNICEF’s 1997 State of the World’s Children Report puts it, Children’s work needs to be seen as happening along a continuum, with destructive or exploitative work at one end and beneficial work promoting or enhancing children’s development without interfering with their schooling, recreation and rest at the other. And between these two poles are vast areas of work that need not negatively affect a child’s development. Other social scientists have slightly different ways of drawing the line between acceptable and unacceptable work. As UNICEF’s 1997 State of the World’s Children Report puts it, Children’s work needs to be seen as happening along a continuum, with destructive or exploitative work at one end and beneficial work promoting or enhancing children’s development without interfering with their schooling, recreation and rest at the other. And between these two poles are vast areas of work that need not negatively affect a child’s development. Other social scientists have slightly different ways of drawing the line between cceptable and unacceptable work. In 2000, the ILO estimates, 246 million child workers aged 5 and 17 were involved in child labour, of which 171 million were involved in work that by its nature is hazardous to their safety, physical or mental health, and moral development. Moreover, some 8. 4 million children were engaged in so-called unconditional worst forms of child labour, which include forced and bonded labour, the use of children in armed confl ict, trafficking in children and commercial sexual exploitation.

Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (IIMs)

Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (IIMs) 1.1 Introduction to IIMs Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are a group of rheumatic disorders affecting skeletal muscle, they are thought to be auto immune in origin (Rothwell et al., 2013), but as their name implies the actual cause remains something of an enigma. The phenotype of IMMs is generally characterised by progressive symmetrical proximal muscle weakness and rapid fatigue, MHC class 1 expression in muscle fibres (van der Pas et al., 2004), increased circulating muscle enzymes (Creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase)(Cox et al., 2010), and the invasion of inflammatory infiltrates such as immune cells and cytokines (Lundberg et al., 1997; Grundtman et al., 2007). They are heterogeneous in their clinical presentation with patients displaying differing histopathological features, and exhibiting varying disease durations and treatment responses; this is probably associated with the numerous genetic and environmentally implicated factors that have been recently discovered (Rothwell et al., 2013). Interestingly, overt muscle atrophy is not a typical feature of IMM as it is in most diseases associated with muscle fatigue. Inflammatory infiltrate presence in muscle fibres is indicative of cytotoxicity (Lundberg et al., 1997). However, it is often observed that the extent of infiltrate presence in the muscle fibre does not often correlate with the degree of muscle dysfunction (Grundtman et al., 2010), implying that impaired muscle performance is the result of something other than muscle cell damage induced by inflammatory cells and their products; and the continued progression of pathology in the absence of infiltrates suggests that the muscle itself could be contributing. Furthermore, it has been found that weakness can in-fact precede infiltrate presence, and in immune-suppressed individuals weakness can persist (Lundberg Chung, 2000). Muscle weakness is usually initiated in the large muscles around the hips and shoulders, but often spreads to more distal areas resulting in quadriparesis (weakness in all four limbs) that can be severely debilitating. The impact of this can cause the patient difficult y in carrying out even simple everyday tasks such as climbing stairs and can be particularly dangerous in older patients who often have related morbidities. As the disease progresses, eventually the patient’s fine motor skills can be impeded: distal muscle action is required for these movements and weakness in these regions can have affect fine motor skills (Dalakas, 1991). Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) is also common in severe cases and can cause fatal choking. IMMs clearly have an adverse impact on the patient’s quality of life, and a deeper understanding into the disease is essential for this to be improved. However, some patients are only mildly affected; this heterogeneity makes it difficult to establish the definitive cause of myositis, and treatment is therefore limited. IMMs can be subdivided into three main discrete histological categories: Polymyositis, Dermatomyositis, and Inclusion Body Myositis. 1.2 Dermatomyositis (DM) DM is a microangiopathy that affects both the skin and muscle tissue, and is caused by the lysis of endomysial capillaries and muscle ischemia (Dalakas Hohlfeld, 2003). It was Hohlfeld that described the criteria for diagnosing IMMs; a diagnosis can be made subsequent to three laboratory experiments: serum muscle enzyme concentrations, electromyography, and muscle biopsy (Dalakas Hohlfeld, 2003), and in some cases a skin biopsy may be useful in diagnosing DM. Creatine Kinase (CK) elevation is the main indicator of DM, and is usually correlative to disease severity. It is common for skeletal muscle CK concentration to increase fifty-fold in patients with active DM, but in some patients levels remain basal (Dalakas Hohlfeld, 2003). The muscle biopsy is critical for an accurate diagnosis and would generally show perifascicular atrophy caused by phagocytosis and necrosis of the muscle fasciculus; this is diagnostic of DM even in the absence of inflammation. CD4 positive T-cells are us ually detected in the dermis at sites of perivascular inflammation, and capillary density is dramatically reduced with vessel perforation. DM was unsurprisingly the first to be reported in 1875 by Potain (Potain, 1875) (Oddis Medsger Jr, 1995), probably due to its extramuscular manifestation of heliotrope (upper eyelids), and erythematous (face, neck, back, shoulders) rashes that commonly precede muscular weakness (Dalakas Hohlfeld, 2003). The extensor joint surfaces of DM sufferers are commonly covered in Gottrons papules, along with dilated capillary loops at the base of the finger nail with thickened cuticles (Dalakas Hohlfeld, 2003). The outward appearance of DM often leads to a false diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus as muscle weakness is not always evident in DM patients; however, the two diseases differ in that only the latter involves a phalangeal rash. DM has been shown to be the most common form of juvenile myositis, though there have been reported rare incidences of polymyositis (Sato et al., 2000). If treated early on, DM has been shown to respond to immunotherapeutic agents; however, the first line of treatment is usually corticosteroids such as high-dose oral Prednisone. Patients usually show some degree of response to steroid treatment alone, but they are usually administered in conjunction with other immune targeted treatments (Aggarwal Oddis, 2012). 1.2 Polymyositis (PM) In 1887 Unverricht reported the first case of PM (Unverricht, 1887), which presents without the classical rash associated with DM. It is the least common form of myositis and onset is almost universally after 18 years of age, though as previously mentioned it has been reported in the juvenile form (Sato et al., 2000). Epidemiology of PM is difficult to quantify due to it being a rare form of a rare disease that was for many years indistinguishable from Inclusion Body Myositis. PM develops slowly over months or years, and identifying the exact, or even approximate, time of onset is difficult due to the progressive nature and lack of the characteristic rash associated with DM. Muscle weakness progresses in much the same way as DM and is equally as debilitating (Dalakas Hohlfeld, 2003). Diagnosing PM generally involves the exclusion of other similar myopathies using the three diagnostic laboratory experiments described earlier. In PM, unlike DM, CK concentration is always elevated significantly above the basal level. CD8-positive T-cells are found to be invading healthy muscle fibres expressing MHC class I antigens forming a CD8/MHC-1 complex (Dalakas Hohlfeld, 2003). There has long been evidence to suggest that PM could be induced by viral infiltration, possibly via retro-viral infection (Dalakas et al., 1986). The treatment approaches for PM are the same as DM, and in about 70% of patients intravenous immunoglobulin appears to be a promising treatment. 1.3 Inclusion Body Myositis (IBM) IBM was not universally accepted as a separate classification to DM and PM until 1978 (CARPENTER et al., 1978), but it has since been found to be the most common acquired IMM in the elderly, and in men over the age of fifty (Dalakas Hohlfeld, 2003). There are two types, sporadic- and hereditary-IBM, the two are histologically and ultrastructurally similar, but hIBM lacks inflammation. IBM was pathologically characterised by Yunis and Samaha, who coined the term in 1971 (Yunis Samaha, 1971); they noted in patients the presence of vacuoles containing cytoplasmic degradation products with fibrillary nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions that distinguished IBM from PM, something it is often misdiagnosed as. Insoluble amyloid protein deposits are also found in the muscle tissue of IBM patients, along with the invasion of CD8/MHC-1 complexes that are also associated with PM, and perivascular and endomisial inflammatory infiltrates (Grau Selva-O’Callaghan, 2008). CK levels are usuall y, but not always, elevated slightly. The vacuoles associated with IBM are indicative of muscle atrophy, something that is not generally seen in DM or PM. The process is gradual, occurring slowly over years similarly to many muscular dystrophies. In PM patients that do not respond to therapy, a diagnosis of IBM is now generally considered. Most IBM patients do not show a marked response to anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressant therapy; a few, probably those with an early diagnosis, show a limited response to corticosteroids, and cytotoxic drugs, but this is not always sustained. Exercise therapy is often suggested to stabilize muscle strength and function, and is frequently advised (Grau Selva-O’Callaghan, 2008). 1.4 Epidemiology Onset of myositis is most common in adults and is generally sporadic, though it has been postulated that there could be some underlying genetic predisposition that could attribute to myositic presentation in some individuals (Cox et al., 2010; Rothwell et al., 2013). Juvenile myositis is less common than the adult form, with dermatomyositis being most prevalent (Dalakas Hohlfeld, 2003); it’s incidence creates discrete age brackets in which IIMs occur. IIMs are regarded as rare, and though there have been numerous attempted epidemiological studies they generally have a low sample size, and it is therefore difficult to determine accurate statistics; also, most statistics are no longer accurate as the old classification of IMMs (Bohan and Peter) could not distinguish between Polymyositis and Inclusion Body Myositis. IMMs have been shown to be most prevalent in women, with DM being the most common diagnosis (Dalakas Hohlfeld, 2003). 1.4 High Mobility Group-box 1 Protein (HMGB1) HMGB1 is a non-histone chromatin associated protein; under typical physiological conditions it is confined within the nucleus where it regulates an array of important transcriptional pathways by binding to and distorting sections of DNA, allowing for the assembly of multi-protein complexes (Bianchi Manfredi, 2004). In response to tissue damage, the normally nuclear protein translocates to the extracellular space and acts as an inflammatory cytokine. Excessive cytokine signalling by HMGB1 has been shown to be fatal in mice (Wang et al., 1999). However, it has been observed that in models of tissue regeneration HMGB1 acts as a chemotactic agent to recruit stem cells such as mesangioblasts in vitro, which indicates it has an in vivo role of favouring muscle regeneration by promoting vessel formation (Vezzoli et al., 2011) (Sachdev et al., 2013). It is therefore interesting that it’s implicated role in IMMs is pathological. 1.5 HMGB1 in IIMs When activated by inflammatory stimulants, HMGB1 is actively secreted from monocytes and macrophages via specialised organelles such as secretory lysosomes (Bianchi Manfredi, 2004); HMGB1 is found to be significantly elevated in patients with IIMs (Grundtman et al., 2010). This translocation is permitted by the hyperacetylation of lysines on HMGB1 (Bonaldi et al., 2003) allowing it to be permanently dissociated from the chromatin, and become packaged in secretory lysosomes. In necrotic cells the cellular membranes lose their integrity and soluble proteins such as HMGB1 are allowed to leak out; this differs from apoptosis where the cell death is not signalled by this leak as HMGB1 remains tightly bound to the chromatin (Bianchi Manfredi, 2004). Necrosis is thought to be the predominant route for cell death in IIMs (Schneider et al., 1996); this allows for HMGB1 to be passively released from the cell. HMGB1 exists in mutually exclusive redox forms that mediate specific inflammatory roles (Venereau et al., 2012). Full reduction of Cysteines 23, 45, and 106 occurs initially, forming all-thiol-HMGB1; in this state it has a cytokine stimulating activity. It is thought that this is the form secreted by activated monocytes to help contribute to the inflammatory response. Later, a disulphide bond forms between C23 and 45 in the HMG-BoxA domain of HMGB1 whilst the Box B C106 remains unpaired and in the thiol state (Venereau et al., 2012). The disulfide form possesses chemoattractant capabilities, causing the migration of leukocytes to the region of inflammation (Venereau et al., 2012). Only the fully reduced form can recruit motile cells, making the cytokine stimulating and chemoattractant activities of HMGB1 also mutually exclusive. Terminal oxidation of HMGB1 fully abrogates its bioactivity, but slight oxidation is required to convert all-thiol HMGB1 to disulphide-HMGB1; it is thought that infiltrating inflammatory cells cause the conversion by maintaining the extracellular oxidative environment as they are a well characterised source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). HMGB1 is a ligand for the Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4), a mediator of the innate immune response; though it is found in both healthy individuals and myositis patients, it is proposed to be the receptor for which muscle dysfunction in IIMs is mediated (Zong et al., 2013). The TLR4 plays an important role macrophages and monocytes where it is involved in pathogen recognition. Patient data from a recent study suggests that HMGB1 may induce MHC class 1 expression in patients with IIMs via activation of the TLR4: MHC class 1 and TLR4 have been found to be coexpressed in the muscle fibres of patients with myositis but not healthy individuals (Zong et al., 2013). Another receptor through which HMGB1 signals is the Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE); an in-vitro knock out study using intact single fibres demonstrated that HMGB1 acts via the TLR4 and not RAGE to induce muscle MHC class 1 expression and fatigue by decreasing the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) Ca2+ released by actio n potentials (Zong et al., 2013). However, this may not necessarily be true in-vivo. Nevertheless, the HMGB1-TLR4-MHC 1 pathway seems to be an integral part of the pathogenesis of IMMs and could therefore be a potential therapeutic target. It has been shown that aerobic exercise (a common and beneficial intervention for IIM patients) reduces TLR4 mRNA in skeletal muscle of rats (Zanchi et al., 2010), thus further suggesting that TLR4 plays a key role in IMMs. References Aggarwal R Oddis CV. (2012). Therapeutic advances in myositis. Current opinion in rheumatology 24, 635-641. Bianchi ME Manfredi A. (2004). Chromatin and cell death. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Gene Structure and Expression 1677, 181-186. Bonaldi T, Talamo F, Scaffidi P, Ferrera D, Porto A, Bachi A, Rubartelli A, Agresti A Bianchi ME. (2003). Monocytic cells hyperacetylate chromatin protein HMGB1 to redirect it towards secretion. The EMBO Journal 22, 5551-5560. CARPENTER S, KARPATI G, HELLER I EISEN A. (1978). Inclusion body myositis A distinct variety of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Neurology 28, 8-8. Cox S, Limaye V, Hill C, Blumbergs P ROBERTSà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ THOMSON P. (2010). Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: diagnostic criteria, classification and epidemiological features. International journal of rheumatic diseases 13, 117-124. Dalakas M, London W, Gravell M Sever J. (1986). Polymyositis in an immunodeficiency disease in monkeys induced by a type D retrovirus. Neurology 36, 569-572. Dalakas MC. (1991). Polymyositis, Dermatomyositis, and Inclusion-Body Myositis. New England Journal of Medicine 325, 1487-1498. Dalakas MC Hohlfeld R. (2003). Polymyositis and dermatomyositis. The Lancet 362, 971-982. Grau JM Selva-O’Callaghan A. (2008). Sporadic inclusion body myositis. In Diagnostic Criteria in Autoimmune Diseases, pp. 165-168. Springer. Grundtman C, Bruton J, Yamada T, Ãâ€"stberg T, Pisetsky DS, Harris HE, Andersson U, Lundberg IE Westerblad H. (2010). Effects of HMGB1 on in vitro responses of isolated muscle fibers and functional aspects in skeletal muscles of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. The FASEB Journal 24, 570-578. Grundtman C, Malmstrà ¶m V Lundberg IE. (2007). Immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Arthritis research therapy 9, 208. Lundberg I Chung Y-L. (2000). Treatment and investigation of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Rheumatology 39, 7-17. Lundberg I, Ulfgren AK, Nyberg P, Andersson U Klareskog L. (1997). Cytokine production in muscle tissue of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Arthritis Rheumatism 40, 865-874. Oddis CV Medsger Jr TA. (1995). Inflammatory myopathies. Baillià ¨res clinical rheumatology 9, 497-514. Potain P. (1875). Morve chronique de anormal. Bull et Mem Hop Paris 12, 314-318. Rothwell S, Cooper RG, Lamb JA Chinoy H. (2013). Entering a new phase of immunogenetics in the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Current opinion in rheumatology 25, 735-741. Sachdev U, Cui X Tzeng E. (2013). HMGB1 and TLR4 mediate skeletal muscle recovery in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia. Journal of vascular surgery 58, 460-469. Sato M, Bando T, Hasegawa S, Kitaichi M Wada H. (2000). Recurrent spontaneous pneumothoraces associated with juvenile polymyositis. CHEST Journal 118, 1509-1511. Schneider C, Gold R, Dalakas MC, Schmied M, Lassmann H, Toyka KV Hartung H-P. (1996). MHC Class l-Mediated Cytotoxicity Does Not Induce Apoptosis in Muscle Fibers nor in Inflammatory T Cells: Studies in Patients with Polymyositis, Dermatomyositis, and Inclusion Body Myositis. Journal of Neuropathology Experimental Neurology 55, 1205-1209. Unverricht H. (1887). Polymyositis acuta progressive. Zeitschrift fur Klinische Medizin 12, 533. van der Pas J, Hengstman GJD, ter Laak HJ, Borm GF van Engelen BGM. (2004). Diagnostic value of MHC class I staining in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery Psychiatry 75, 136-139. Venereau E, Casalgrandi M, Schiraldi M, Antoine DJ, Cattaneo A, De Marchis F, Liu J, Antonelli A, Preti A Raeli L. (2012). Mutually exclusive redox forms of HMGB1 promote cell recruitment or proinflammatory cytokine release. The Journal of experimental medicine 209, 1519-1528. Vezzoli M, Castellani P, Corna G, Castiglioni A, Bosurgi L, Monno A, Brunelli S, Manfredi AA, Rubartelli A Rovere-Querini P. (2011). High-mobility group box 1 release and redox regulation accompany regeneration and remodeling of skeletal muscle. Antioxidants redox signaling 15, 2161-2174. Wang H, Bloom O, Zhang M, Vishnubhakat JM, Ombrellino M, Che J, Frazier A, Yang H, Ivanova S Borovikova L. (1999). HMG-1 as a late mediator of endotoxin lethality in mice. Science 285, 248-251. Yunis E Samaha F. (1971). Inclusion body myositis. Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology 25, 240. Zanchi NE, Lira FS, de Siqueira Filho MA, Rosa JC, de Oliveira Carvalho CR, Seelaender M, Santos RVT Lancha Jr AH. (2010). Chronic low frequency/low volume resistance training reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine protein levels and TLR4 mRNA in rat skeletal muscle. European journal of applied physiology 109, 1095-1102. Zong M, Bruton JD, Grundtman C, Yang H, Li JH, Alexanderson H, Palmblad K, Andersson U, Harris HE Lundberg IE. (2013). TLR4 as receptor for HMGB1 induced muscle dysfunction in myositis. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 72, 1390-1399.

An Unforgettable Experience - Original Writing Essay -- Papers

An Unforgettable Experience - Original Writing It was my first time at Dubai Airport, the symbol of United Arab Emirates' aviation ascendancy. The bustling International airport was a long way away from my rural residence. Due to the long distance, we had been obliged to take the taxi instead of making use of public transport. The atmosphere in the car was generally silent, but occasionally my parents moaned about all the minor discomforts of the journey. It felt like we were in a funeral. Hours after departing my house, we started noticing frequent aeroplanes, low down in the sky indicating the proximity to the airport. The roads had become more congested and the air was more contaminated than from where we had initially departed. During the taxi ride to Dubai Airport a sense of inexplicable anticipation had built up within me. As we arrived at the airport, I stared in awe at the size and beauty of the place. Just looking at the sheer number of people in the airport overwhelmed me. When traveling by plane, most people are in fear of getting hijacked or the plane crashing, but the main form of fear for me was fear of getting lost at the airports or there being complications with the flight tickets. Although the reasons for my fear were trivial in comparison, they built up a sense of nervousness with me. As I perambulated through the long, tedious, oblique passageway of the edifice into the capacious waiting room, I started quivering in obvious trepidation. The waiting room was an enormous room abundant with people from many different social classes. Parents tightly held their children's hands in solitude of losing them in the... ...rries has been deeply carved into my heart where it will stay forever, and so will Linda. I had always thought of myself as a "boring person" who did the most tedious things and who would never fall in love but I was wrong. I used to think that my life was like a bittersweet symphony, similar to the words of a sad song, where the words have no meaning. My life had always been like a pointless existence in my view. This dramatic experience taught me that merely to exist is not enough. Life must have a purpose; a meaning; a reason. Life must encompass dreams of aspiration. From that day, I decided what my goal of life would be. The realization of the value of life stimulated me to become a doctor and help save other people's valuable lives. I guess I gained something from this journeyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦but not what I really wanted. An Unforgettable Experience - Original Writing Essay -- Papers An Unforgettable Experience - Original Writing It was my first time at Dubai Airport, the symbol of United Arab Emirates' aviation ascendancy. The bustling International airport was a long way away from my rural residence. Due to the long distance, we had been obliged to take the taxi instead of making use of public transport. The atmosphere in the car was generally silent, but occasionally my parents moaned about all the minor discomforts of the journey. It felt like we were in a funeral. Hours after departing my house, we started noticing frequent aeroplanes, low down in the sky indicating the proximity to the airport. The roads had become more congested and the air was more contaminated than from where we had initially departed. During the taxi ride to Dubai Airport a sense of inexplicable anticipation had built up within me. As we arrived at the airport, I stared in awe at the size and beauty of the place. Just looking at the sheer number of people in the airport overwhelmed me. When traveling by plane, most people are in fear of getting hijacked or the plane crashing, but the main form of fear for me was fear of getting lost at the airports or there being complications with the flight tickets. Although the reasons for my fear were trivial in comparison, they built up a sense of nervousness with me. As I perambulated through the long, tedious, oblique passageway of the edifice into the capacious waiting room, I started quivering in obvious trepidation. The waiting room was an enormous room abundant with people from many different social classes. Parents tightly held their children's hands in solitude of losing them in the... ...rries has been deeply carved into my heart where it will stay forever, and so will Linda. I had always thought of myself as a "boring person" who did the most tedious things and who would never fall in love but I was wrong. I used to think that my life was like a bittersweet symphony, similar to the words of a sad song, where the words have no meaning. My life had always been like a pointless existence in my view. This dramatic experience taught me that merely to exist is not enough. Life must have a purpose; a meaning; a reason. Life must encompass dreams of aspiration. From that day, I decided what my goal of life would be. The realization of the value of life stimulated me to become a doctor and help save other people's valuable lives. I guess I gained something from this journeyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦but not what I really wanted.

Irony Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Irony is the use of words to express something other than and especially the opposite of the literal meaning. The book Great Expectation is all about the irony in the situations that a boy named Pip brings into the entire story. Pip is on a search through life to reach high expectations of what he wants from life, this leads him to having different relationships with the different characters. Each character leads him to an understanding of himself an ironic situation, which he doesn’t expect.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main character Philip Pirip also known as Pip, goes through many learning experience with the other characters that he interacts with. Joe Gargery, and Pip had a unique relationship with each other. Joe gives Pip unconditional love that he lacks in his life. Joe is the only person who shows any kind of love to Pip, yet, when Pip is starting to move up in life he finds that Joe is an embarrassment to him because he is not of high class. He sacraficed himself just to be able to help out Pip when he needed him and he suffered silently for him. The ironic situation is that with all that Joe does, Pip does not realize that Joe is the one of few people who truely care about him and would sacrafice on his behalf, he cared and always looked out for Pip. Joe took care of him and gave him love, comfort and warmth, while Pip treated him coldly and hurt the one person who truely cared about him just beca...