Why My CEO Under 30 Can Beat Your Baby Boomer CEO

The Basics of Aramid Fiber, Polymer Reinforcing Fiber

The Basics of Aramid Fiber, Polymer Reinforcing Fiber Aramid fiber is the generic name of a group of synthetic fibers. The fibers offer a set of properties which make them particularly useful in armor, clothing and a wide range of other applications. The most commonly known commercial brand is Kevlarâ„ ¢, but there others such as Twaronâ„ ¢ and Nomexâ„ ¢ in the same broad family. History Aramids have evolved out of research which stretches back to nylon and polyester. The family is known as aromatic polyamides. Nomex was developed in the early 1960’s and its properties led to wide use in protective clothing, insulation and as a replacement for asbestos. Further research with this meta-aramid led to the fiber we now know as Kevlar. Kevlar and Twaron are para-aramids. Kevlar was developed and trademarked by DuPont and became commercially available in 1973. 2011 worldwide production of Aramids was well over 60,000 tons, and demand is growing steadily as production scales up, costs fall and applications broaden. Properties The chemical structure of the chain molecules is such that the bonds are aligned (for the most part) along the fiber axis, giving them outstanding strength, flexibility and abrasion tolerance. With outstanding resistance to heat and low flammability, they are unusual in that they do not melt – they merely start to degrade (at about 500 degrees Centigrade). They also have very low electrical conductivity making them ideal electrical insulators. With high resistance to organic solvents, the all-around ‘inert’ aspects of these materials offer outstanding versatility for a huge range of applications. The only blot on their horizons is that they are sensitive to UV, acids, and salts. They build static electricity too unless they are specially treated. The outstanding properties which these fibers enjoy provide advantages which make them ideal for a wide range of applications. However, with any composite material, it is important to take care in  handling  and processing. Using gloves, masks, etc. is advisable. Applications Kevlar’s original use was for car tire reinforcement, where the technology still dominates, but in transport, the fibers are used as a replacement for asbestos – for example in brake linings. Probably the most widely known application is in body armor, but other protective uses include fireproof suits for firefighters, helmets, and gloves. Their high strength/weight ratio makes them attractive for use as reinforcing (for example in composite materials particularly where flexing tolerance is important, such as aircraft wings). In construction, we have fiber-reinforced concrete and thermoplastic pipes. Corrosion is a major problem for expensive undersea pipelines in the oil industry, and thermoplastic pipe technology was developed to prolong pipeline life and reduce maintenance costs. Their low stretch properties (typically 3.5% at break), high strength and abrasion resistance make aramid fibers ideal for ropes and cables, and they are even used for mooring ships. In the sporting arena, bowstrings, tennis racquet strings, hockey sticks, skis and running shoes are some of the application areas for these outstanding fibers, with sailors enjoying the benefits of aramid-reinforced hulls, aramid lines and Kevlar wear-patches on their elbows, knees, and rears! Even in the music world aramid fibers are making themselves heard as instrument reeds and drumheads, with the sound being relayed through aramid-fiber loudspeaker cones. The Future New applications are being announced regularly, for example, a high-performance protective coating for harsh environments which embeds Kevlar fibers in an ester. This is ideal for coating new steel pipelines – for example in utilities where water pipes may bury underground and budgets do not permit the more expensive thermoplastic alternatives. With improved epoxies and other resins being introduced on a regular basis and given the continuous scaling up in worldwide production of aramids in many forms (fiber, pulp, powder, chopped fiber and woven mat) the increased use of the material is guaranteed both in its raw form and in composites.

Intellectual Property Law in England Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Intellectual Property Law in England - Essay Example However, it is essential to note that the legal relationships between different objects, individuals, and the state are not easily justifiable. According to Ayn Rand (1966), he states, "patents are the heart and core of property rights, and once they are destroyed, the destruction of all other property rights will follow automatically, as a brief postscript.†1 Over the years, intellectual property has continuously changed to a widespread and significant form of ownership title. There is also the introduction of ‘Post Industrial Society’ identified in Naisbitts text Megatrends.2 This scenario has caused a strain on customs and laws that have been enacted to protect intellectual property since many industries are indulging into manufacturing and manipulation of the existing goods to enable use of information, which in turn liberates the production. The presence of immensely enhanced information-handling technologies combined with the huge role information is providin g in our society there is a lot of theft or piracy of information. This leads us to the issue of Patent, Copyright, and trade secrets, which have led to numerous suits in academic, and several industries. The public has, therefore shown a lot of concern over the validity of intellectual property institutions. ... Intellectual Property Law in England Intellectual Property Rights can be defined as the rights given to a person over what is usually a unique creation of their own minds. The creator is given exclusive rights to use this creation for a given period. This law encapsulates a whole range of intangible assets, which include music, Assets, artistic work, discoveries, and even factory trade secrets. The law is there to avoid infringement of these rights by other parties for personal benefit while at the same time maintaining the competitiveness of the market. Introduction of these laws has brought about many disputes in the business world. Some of the cases that are leading in the English law that deal with copyright law include Exxon Corp. v. Exxon Insurance Consultants International Ltd..4 In this case, the court ruled that a name invented or otherwise, does not incorporate a copyright and an infringement to a trademark can only occur when the infringing party actively takes part in the market segment. Another important case is Kenrick v. Lawrence 5 In this case; the courts laid out the extent for which a work is granted copyright protection and it also indicated the point where expression converts to an idea in which case the latter is not protected, but the expression is protected. There are several other laws such as Aerotel v Telco and Macrossan's Application6 and that the English uses for reference in deciding cases that are related to intellectual property. The British Statute of Anne7 was the first statute established to regulate copyright through the courts and the government instead of being governed by private parties.

Leadrship, Process and Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadrship, Process and Organisations - Essay Example Women in the world of business are lagging behind in leading organizations because of some hidden barriers. Small and medium enterprises only have a ratio of 15% women leaders. In the current society women are trying to make up for their position and increasingly setting up these SMES. However it is seen that men still are dominant in the field of business. This is not the case with small businesses only but this can also be witnessed in the corporate sector where women are lagging behind. In order to find out the reasons behind such a difference several researches have been conducted. A research carried out by Centre for High Performance Development (CHPD) clearly shows that women are dominant than men when it comes to the qualities of leadership. The research showed that women were effectively able to think, develop and achieve which are the required attributes of a leader. This clearly showed that women proved to be a better leader than men when it came to taking decisions and org anizing the team. The chief executive of CHPD put this difference in these words â€Å"If you ask the right question, namely what is it you need to do to be effective in a very fast-moving, complex and competitive environment, and you get good ways of measuring that, you find that women are more capable than men† (Thomas, 2005). ... A research by the firm Catalyst in 2001 showed that women do not get opportunities to express themselves as do men in real life. Men at several instances can make up for their promotion by having the right contacts while women engross themselves within their field of job to get a promotion. Similarly self confidence also counts for the less participation of women leaders in the organization. It has been found that the morale of men is higher as compared to their counterparts (Smyth 1989, p. 102). An organization named Renew conducted a research on this to find out that 18% of the girls considered themselves to be leaders whereas 48% of the boys considered themselves to be leaders. This gives a general image of the girls who grow up to be a part of a minority in the business world (Thomas, 2005). Many researchers have been struggling to define and explain the leadership traits, theories, challenges and related affairs. The importance that has been given to this area of research is the importance of leadership on employees, performance and overall success of the organizations. There have been a lot of facts and myths associated with the concept of leadership. Technological changes also require certain new traits in the people dealing with them. The technology-intensive businesses may be taken as an example where leadership requires higher flexibility, technical knowledge, adapting skills to change, higher commitment and collaborative approach to work. Grace Hopper worked as a leader in U.S Naval Reserve and is known for her devotion and contribution in the development of programming languages. Her skills and knowledge about technical programming and innovative ideas like foreseeing artificial

Capitalism vs. Communism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Capitalism vs. Communism - Essay Example This was later followed the trade prosperity of European trade and agricultural revolution. Influential figures in capitalism included Medici of Florence, Karl Marx, Adam Smith, Jacques Coeur, Marco Polo, and Anthony Giddens. Communism on the other hand can be traced back to the early Christians and religious groups, the golden age in Greece, the manorial system in the middle ages, and modern communism. The influential people in communism include Sir Thomas More of England, Gerrard Winstanley, Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Lenin, Emmanuel Kant, and Jean Jacques. Finally, the influence of the respective philosophers’ in the modern day and age is explained. Keywords: Communism, Capitalism, Christians, Trade, Agriculture Revolution, Private Property, Lending, Profits, Labor, Demand, Supply, Resources, Community, Competition, Land, Government, Economic, Philosophers What is Capitalism? It is a system that continues to be practiced in the world, despite its lack of a standard defini tion. Basically, it is a political and economical system with an ideology of the market (supply and demand) being at the core of the single system of economic governance (Scott, 2009). Individuals can own economic resources as properties from which more wealth can be generated upon investment and production. Competition for resources is spurred up by the system, creating more wealth and capital, and facilitating personal growth and development. In a broad perspective, â€Å"capitalism is organized such that produced goods and services, down to the least basic necessities of life, are produced for valuable exchange, where even human labor-power is a commodity for sale in the market, and where the market determines all economic actors † (Wood, 2002, p. 6). Capitalism thrives in the event of competition, individualism, and where a system of checks and balances exist to achieve benefits in the marketplace and retain their market share. Origin of Capitalism and Influential People in Capitalism The periods during the18th and 19th century are marked by many as the time of the emergence of capitalism. However, the previous centuries show some aspects of the conception of capitalism. During these earlier periods, the emergence and advancement capitalism can be explained through the accounts of historical developments of human activities in search for development, acts of earlier exchanges, more production, and success through wealth creation. Since capitalism is embedded on creating more wealth, the idea of usury earlier established in the middle age and as practiced by the people introduced the act of lending at interest for more profits. Although rejected by the church during the period, it in practice indicated that given the opportunity, capitalism would have thrived earlier in the period (Backend, 2010). These acts during the time can be said to be roots of capitalism. Another kind of activity that relates to capitalism due to creation of wealth was the pro sperity of Europe through trade with other continents. The 13th and 14th centuries are recorded as the successful periods of trading activities between the trading partners (Afro-Euro-Asia, Europeans, Arabians, Chinese and the Mongols), where merchants and other traders risked their resources to purchase more resources that they would later exchange for other

Human Population Size And Climate Change Environmental Sciences Essay

Human Population Size And Climate Change Environmental Sciences Essay Over the years, human society has changed the local ecological system and caused the change of regional climate. Today, mankind has begun to affect the entire planets climate. The worlds population in the next 12 to 13 years will increase more than 1 billion. It is predicted that by 2020, the population will increase to 76 billion from the current 6.5 billion, in 2030 to 8.2 billion, in 2050 to staggering 9.0 billion. There is a huge gap between population growth and food supply growth. When the population growth exceeds the capacity of the food supply, famine is inevitable. The more people mean needing more air, water, and more housing, education and employment opportunities. To meet these, people will ignore the prevention and treatment of the serious consequences of climate change. But climate change has caused global warming and rising sea levels, which could lead to the destruction of the Earths civilization without any measures. Humanity in the process of production and consump tion make destruction, pollution and impact on the environment, but changed environment also affects the survival of mankind. The relationship between population and the environment has been objective relationship since the origins of mankind. The population development is a special kind of social process, which is mainly determined by economic and social conditions. During a social process, population and environment have the opposite and unity relation of interrelatedness, interaction, and mutual restraint. This essay will first discuss the development of population size and the problem. Following this, it will describe the impact of population on the climate. Finally it will describe impact of climate on the population. Development of population size and the problem Overall, the worlds population growth is relatively fast. The second half of the 20th century, the world had an unprecedented rapid population growth. Not only the population growth rate reached a historic peak level and increment of the population exceeded the total accumulation population in more than 200 million years of human history. U.S. Census Bureau data showed that the worlds population in 1930 reached 20 billion, in 1974 to 40 million, in 1987 to 50 million, in 1999 to reach 6.0 billion. The population growth rate has been accelerating in the 20th century. The worlds population had doubled in 1850-1950 years, while in 1950-1990 a short period of four decades had doubled. At present, in the world about 365,000 people born every day, of which 57% born in Asia, 26% in Africa, 9% in Latin America, 5% in Europe, but was born in North America and only 3%. In addition, less than 1% of the population is born in Oceania and the oceanic islands. After subtracting the number of deaths , the global average daily increase is nearly 21 million people. The Earth increases by nearly 80 million people each year, almost equivalent to a large population country. India is one of the worlds youngest population countries, more than half of the national smaller than 25 years of age, 1/3 of the population smaller than 15 years(Ehrlich, 1997).. World Population Prospects published by United Nations predicts that by 2050, Indias population will increase to 1.593 billion In this century many scientific observations indicate that concentrations of greenhouse gases in atmospheric are increasing. Prior to 1750, atmospheric carbon dioxide levels remained at 280ppm. After the industrial revolution, as human activities, especially the growing consumption of fossil fuels (coal, oil, etc.), massive destruction of forest vegetation and the growing man-made emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, atmospheric carbon dioxide level gradually increases, per year increasing 1.8ppm (about 0.4%), and it has risen to nearly 360ppm so far. In the past century, global average surface temperature has risen by 0.3 à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ to 0.6 à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, the global sea level rise of 10-25 cm (EPA, 2006). Recent years, countries around the world have emerged the hottest weather over centuries, and the frequent occurrence of El NiÃÆ' ±o phenomenon, which have caused tremendous economic losses. With the reduction in per cap ita grain area, more and more countries bear the risk of loss of food self-sufficiency. The extension of water scarcity is perhaps the most undervalued resource problems in the contemporary world. However, in any areas where the population is still growing, per capita fresh water supply is decreasing. Impact of population on the climate In the human production and life, over-grazing, deforestation makes the soil erosion, land degradation; super-exploitation of resources has led to depletion of a lot of natural resources; a variety of waste emissions cause serious environmental pollution and damage, which cause a series of global environmental issues. Population size, distribution, migration have also a huge impact on regional ecological environment. At present, the environmental changes caused by the rapid population growth and rapid development of urbanization have begun to affect the global biogeochemical cycles and long-term climate change, and become an important eco-driving force for large-scale changes in the environment and population. 1). According to UN information, per capita cultivated land was 0.31 hectares in 1975, and in 2000 it drop to 0.1 hectares due to population growth. In the condition of huge population and the relative decrease in the arable land, raising yield per unit area is a positive way to increase the grain. It relies mainly on chemical fertilizers and pesticides to reach the aim. However, large-scale use of fertilizers and pesticides has brought serious environmental problems such as soil compaction, poor physical and chemical properties, organic matter reduction and the fertility decline. 2). Forest is an important factor to maintain the quality of the environment for human survival. However, population growth is bound to destroy forest for cultivated land, or to build a house. As a result, an increasing number of forest resources are destroyed. Forest area on the planet had reached 76 million hectares, in 1962 reducing to 55 million hectares, in 1975 reducing to 26 million hectares. Accordi ng to the calculation of American scholar, with the population growth, depletion of forests will be extended to the year 2020. Then forest area will stabilize at 1.8 billion hectares, of which about 1.45 billion hectares are in developed countries, only 370 million hectares in developing countries. Because the forests are heavily exploited, topsoil on the earth being that are washed away are 24 billion tons every year, loss of several million tons of fertilizer, having a great bad impact on farmers and livestock production. 3). Rapid growth and high concentration of population have brought tremendous pressure on the environment. Environmental pollution is one of the most serious mankind facing problems, such as: air pollution, water pollution, traffic congestion, noise nuisance, accumulation of garbage and so on. Population growth will increase carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides in the atmosphere due to respiration, combustion and industrial development, which may cau se acid rain and photochemical smog events. More serious is to cause the earths average temperature increase to affect climate due to the greenhouse effect caused by the increase in carbon dioxide, resulting in serious damage to the planets ecosystems (Smith, 2008). Impact of climate on the population Population distribution, migration and the quantity and quality depend on certain region environmental conditions to a considerable extent. Therefore, the relationship between population and the environment have obvious regional characteristics because of the different regional conditions. Integrated resource supply capacity of environment plays an important role in population distribution and migration. Quantity and quality of the population are affected by natural and social environment, the dual constraints. Population is the unity of its quantity characteristics and quality characteristics. Population quantity and population characteristics and physical appearance are all severely constrained by the environment. The demographic impacts of climate change on population are mainly in the following aspects. 1) Population growth makes a pressure on water supply and demand pressure, even without considering the impact of climate change, by 2050 there will also be 5 billion people facing water shortage situation, more than half of the worlds population. Impact of climate change makes the water problem even worse. Rivers dried up and falling water table are regarded as evidence of shortage of water resources, such as the Nile, the Yellow River and the Colorado River, which almost have waterless flowing to sea. At present, the world water tables of major grain-producing areas are falling on every continent. The U.S. southern Great Plains, the North China Plain and in most parts of India, groundwater aquifers are becoming increasingly dried up. International Water Management Institute predicts that in 2050 year in some countries a total of about 1 billion people live will face absolute water scarcity situation. These countries will reduce agricultural water to meet the needs of residents and industrial water demand. China and India are considered the worlds two major agricultural irrigation countries, and will have a significant reduction in irrigation water supply (Leigh, 2007). 2) Extreme weather and sea level rise have the most serious effect on the coastal and low-elevation areas, and coastal areas accounting for 2% of the total land live on 10% of the population around the world. Take Bangladesh and China for example, in 1990 to-2000 years, population growth rate living in coastal areas is twice the national rate of population growth. In the negative effects of sea-level rise and extreme weather, number of living people is growing. Others such as landslides, flash floods and glacial lake overflow and other issues also have impact on the human. It is expected 40% of the worlds population will be affected by the Asian mountain glaciers and snow melting. 3) The agricultural productivity reduces. Tropical and subtropical agriculture are most affected, because the regio ns crop is already under the extreme climate varieties. As the population growth, reduced crop output and increasingly higher food prices, to 2080, will cause 90000000-125000000 population in developing countries facing the problem of hunger. 4) The global climate change often leads to severe changes of regional climate and weather, which have wide-ranging implications on human health. Global climate warming causes more heat in summer and temperate in winter, which is accompanied by an increase in frequency and intensity of heat waves. Humidity increase aggravates the effect of extreme heat in summer on human health. In temperate regions, high temperature increases the number of deaths during the day to day. For example, the United States during the heat wave in Chicago in 1995, the death was over 500, of which the highest mortality is at older ages. The future, as increase in frequency and intensity of heat waves, deaths number and serious illnesses caused by extreme high temperatu re events will increase. Also, because of air pollution, during the heat wave in 1995, the United States, it was estimated that more than half the number of deaths was caused by increased air pollution (Jonathan A. Patz, 2005). Flood causes casualties and infectious diseases to increase (P. Martens, 1999). Drought affects food production, and exacerbates the existing situation of malnutrition, inducing famine to affect human health. During the drought and water shortages, the water only is used for cooking but not for health, so that it increases the risk of disease and epidemic disease outbreaks. Conclusion Sir Nicholas Stern in 2006, in Stern Report pointed out that climate change could trigger the worst ever and the most extensive market failure. He warned that the world must invest one per cent of gross domestic product to slow the effects of climate change, the cost of failure to do so is the economic downturn of up to 20 percent of being the worlds gross domestic product. Climate change is a serious challenge to the whole world, and has an extensive impact on human well-being and safety. According to IPCC estimation, by 2050, due to coastal flooding, shoreline erosion and agricultural pollution and other reasons, there will be 150 million refugees. Investment in family planning and reproductive health, girl education, women empowerment and economic opportunities and youth development can accelerate demographic transition in the least developed countries and developing countries, so that they can seize the demographic dividend, to achieve economic growth, while to enhance the abilit y to address climate change. In strategies of adaptation to climate change, demographic factors should not continue to be ignored. It is necessary to take effective measures to meet the worlds most vulnerable populations, including womens needs. Universal population policy of voluntary contraception, comprehensive consideration of population dynamics and development of poverty reduction will ultimately achieve sustainable population development adapting to climate change.

Dont Hate Me because Im a Muslim :: Personal Narrative Writing, religion

September 11th was the worst day ever for the United States. I am a Muslim and I am an Arab-American. I was born in the U.S. Virgin Islands and have lived here all my life. The first time I ever heard of Osama bin Laden was when the terrorist attacks happened. The attacks not only affected Americans, it affected everyone, including Arabs. Just because a group of Arabs planned the attacks doesn't mean all Arabs are the same. It isn't fair how people blame all Arabs, or all Muslims. That Tuesday morning, I found out what happened when I got to my third period class, American History. We were getting ready for a test but went to the library to watch the news. At first I thought it was nothing, but then I realized it was extremely serious. Everyone immediately blamed the Arabs. The news said there was a car bomb and everyone said it was Palestinians, my people. That really upset me. At the end of October the supermarkets my family owns, my house and the houses of some of my aunts and uncles were raided by the CIA and FBI because some lady said our supermarkets supported terrorists and that one was working there. I found out after school when my aunt picked up me up and explained what had happened. I was really upset. They took all our computers from the house and stores except for two, which they made copies of. My parents came here to get away from the war in the Middle East and struggled to make sure nothing affects us. We have a successful life, but now people want to stop us from having a good life. I feel hurt. I am an American, too. I am also proud to be an Arab! I felt hurt when the terrorists attacked. So

Police Organization Essay

History of Police September 05, 2013 Throughout this essay the writer will be discussing the history of the police. Describing the impact that a gentleman named Sir Robert Peel had on American policing. A look at the relationship between the U.S. government and the policing organizations throughout the United States. Lastly how these relationships may affect police practices today. As we begin lets first get an understanding for what a police organization is defined as. â€Å"The police are a constituted body of persons empowered by the state to enforce the law, protect property, and limit civil disorder. â€Å" (â€Å"The Role and Responsibilities of the Police†, 2009) A police organizations role is usually defined as an agency within a defined legal or territorial area of responsibility using a legitimized use of force. Policing can be traced all the way back to ancient china. In didn’t start becoming more popular in the U.S until the late 18th century where the rich to protect property used it. As soc ieties developed policing began to transform into a group of appointed men to safe haven or monitor set areas such as towns or cities. Eventually it became the full fledge state and city appointed agencies that we know today. In 1829, a gentleman by the name of Sir Robert Peel established the Metropolitan Police Force for London based Scotland Yard. Doing this crowned him the father of modern policing. At first his theory and implementation of a police force was not accepted amongst London’s society. As time progressed and crime rates began to lower do to the police presence more and more cities across the UK began establishing their own police agencies. Sir Robert also developed what is called Peelian Principles which defined the ethical requirements of a police officer in order for them to be successful. These principles outlined that, â€Å"1. Every police officer should be issued and identification number, to assure accountability for his actions. 2. Police are effective not measured on the number of arrests, but on the lack of crime. 3.Effective authority figure knows trust and accountability are paramount.† (â€Å"The Invention of Peel’s Principles: A study of policing’ textbook†, 2006) When it comes to the U.S. government and the policing organizations their relationships often intertwine but can cause conflict as well. The police have a se t of laws, guidelines, and jurisdictions that they  must abide by. Based on city and state these roles may vary. U.S. government organizations or federal law enforcement agencies have a completely separate role that they play. The conflict can occur when jurisdictions and different criminal cases my cause confusion on which level of organization should be the ones handling it. Often times cases are help at the local police level until it reaches a certain degree at which point federal law enforcement steps in. As well U.S. constitution and political policies often impact police organizations. This relationship can almost be described as a love and hate relationship. In one case the U.S Government is making choices that it believes will be the best interest of the society. While on the other hand the police who have feet on the ground and actually see what is going on in society can beg to differ in regards to U.S. policy. At the end of the day thought it’s the police organization that must adapt and be mindful of every changing policies and procedures set in place by politicians. Throughout this paper the writer briefly covered the history of policing. We looked at some of the influences that starte d and paved the path for police organizations today. The impact Sir Robert Peel played. The role between the U.S. government and police organizations. Lastly how these roles may impact each other. The police at the city level are just one small element of vast security forces in the United States. Briefly looking at the just the roles the police play in the United States and not the various police forces and practices throughout the world. After the events of September, 11 the U.S. has sense stood up many various forms of Homeland Security and police type forces to help protect the United States. References 1. â€Å"The Role and Responsibilities of the Police†, 2009 2. â€Å"The Invention of Peel’s Principles: A study of policing’ textbook†, 2006 Week 1 Individual Paper # 1 Content and Organization 70 Percent| Percent Earned: 7/7| Comments:| All key elements of the assignment are covered in a substantive way. * Paper is 700- 1050 words in length. * Paper defines issues that show the authors understanding of the concepts. * Paper follows the theme of the  topic of the perception of Organized Crime. | | Minimum word count is met; the papers word total is 687 words.Your paper defines the contribution made by the people before an established law enforcement body and the contributions by Sir Robert Peel. Author’s current position and recommendations are described in detail. Points are supported with referenced citations. Your paper pointed out the importance of the main ideas and the key points that were established. You went down the line and answered each element. | The content is comprehensive, accurate, and/or persuasive.| | | The paper develops a central theme or idea, directed toward the appropriate audience.| | | The paper links theory to relevant examples of Organized Crime and the vocabulary of the issue correctly.| | | Major points are stated clearly; are supported by specific details, examples, or analysis; and are organized logically. Target points to be discussed. * Describe the impact of Sir Robert Peel on American policing. * Analyze the relationship between the U.S. government and the policing organizations throughout the United States. * Explain how this relationship may affect police practices.| | | Organization / Development 15 Percent| Percent Earned 1.5/1.5| Comments: | Paragraph transitions are present and logical and maintain the flow throughout the paper.| | You have a clear introduction, body, and conclusion present.Overall, paper is clear and easy to follow. The tone of the essay is appropriate for formal academic writing.Introduction establishes author’s position and introduces issues that are important and need to be planned for in a critical incident. | The tone is appropriate to the content and assignment. | | | Sentences are complete, clear, and concise. Sentences are well-constructed, with consistently strong, varied sentences.| | | Sentence transitions are present and maintain the flow of thought.| | | The introduction provides sufficient background on the topic and previews major points.| | | The conclusion is logical, flows from the body of the paper, and reviews the major points.| | | Mechanics 15 Percent| Percent Earned .9/1.5| Comments: | The paper, including the title page, reference page, tables, and appendices, follow APA guidelines for format.| | Your Title Page meets the APA requirements.Citations did not meet APA format. (-.3) No grammar errors. Your reference page was not in APA format. (-.3) No spelling errors. | Citations of original works within the body of the paper follow APA guidelines. | | | The paper is laid out with effective use of headings, font styles, and white space.| | | Rules of grammar, usage, and punctuation are followed.| | | Spelling is correct.| | | Total 94 Percent| Points Earned 9.4/10| Comments:|

International Paper - Business Biography

International Paper - Business Biography Free Online Research Papers International Paper employs 66,500 employees and of those employees, 47,100 are located in the United States. International Paper is ranked 93rd among Fortune 500 companies and No. 1 in the forest products sector for the Most Admired Company. The stock is traded internationally on the New York, Swiss and Amsterdam exchanges. The customers of International Paper are distributors and chain and restaurant stores. International Paper produces bags, corrugated board and boxes. The Charlotte location produces bags. This will be the topic of this paper. International Paper’s has a long-standing policy of using no wood from endangered forests. They are also committed to environment protection and have partnered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, State agencies and non- governmental organizations to ensure the protection of endangered species and forests. The vision of IP (International Paper) is to â€Å"be one and most respected companies in the world-as measured by our employees, our customers, our communities and our shareowners† (internationalpaper.com/Our%20Company/About). Their mission is based on why they exist, what they do and how they do it. IP upholds these by being dedicated to making people’s lives better. The employees use renewable resources. The customers succeed because of their innovative products and services. The communities welcome them because of their philosophies to protect the environment and still provide good products. The shareholders benefit from the superior financial performance. This is all done because International keeps their promises that deliver results. The Charlotte bag plant has not been able to accomplish most external and internal goals with the exception of some plant operations. Externally, they are being competitively beaten to the point where they are unable to produce a profit in the current market. Internally, the company is relatively new, 18 months on the East coast and is trying to slim operations to be competitive on the outside. The issue is the sales personnel are giving extreme pricing and rebates to remain competitive with a long-standing company who’s under-pricing is working at the moment. International Paper has been dominant on the West coast as well as in the Central part of the United States and is trying to establish a presence in the Southeastern part now. Operations have made improvement to help the overhead and the bottom line. Machine target rates have been over achieved. Waste has been practically eliminated. Two new supervisors have been brought in to help with training issues to ensure quality is top priority so re-work has been decreased by 80%. Shipments are at a 99.8% arrival rate with no shortages. The only two issues the operational overhead has had are buying roll stock and freight cost incurred. Roll shock prices have increased 20% and freight has gone up 38%. This has off set the savings described above. Even with the improvements made these aren’t in line with the other plants. Machine speeds, roll stock costs and overhead determine costing which in turn is higher than what is being charged by our other plants and our competitors. We are selling our products below what we can produce them for. Our average ROS (return of sale) is -39.10% with the largest being –106.08% for Winn Dixie. This is also due to the credit terms and the amount of rebate we are given our customers. We only make a positive net profit on 2 customers, Corporate Express and I-Supply. This is because we give no rebates to them. In the next 2 months, intensive research needs to be done on what our customers needs and wants are not what they think they can get out of us. We also need to do extensive marketing research on our competitor here on the East coast. This compile of information needs to be analyzed within 2 months of its existence so that we can compile an aggressive strategy to combat the pricing war that is going on between us and find a common ground for the plant to make a profit. The plant is losing anywhere from $300k to $800k a month so this is a time sensitive issue. While the research is progressing, certain measures already in existence need to remain there but continuous improvements in the operational area need to remain focus to help keep monthly losses at a minimum. It will take everyone to ensure that overhead as minimal as possible. The sales team needs to reconsider the pricing they have set forth. Once the research comes in and a plan of action has been established, pricing needs to reflect that plan. The sales team is going to have to â€Å"sell† this new approach to our customers. This is going to be a gradual thing. This is going to be in increments and should be completed by the end of the 3rd year of business. Monthly progress reports will have to be initiated in order to ensure that the team is on track to switching our customers over to the new sales terms and to also make any necessary adjustments needed to the plan. We also need to reconsider the amount of rebates and credit that we are issuing. We have spent $65,000 last month in credits with no foundation and over $100,000 in rebates to customers that we make no net profit on. Revising the criteria set forth on which we give rebates will help immensely with losses we currently have. New policies need to implemented and relayed to our existing customer base as â€Å"incentives† for doing business with us not used as the only way to keep our customers happy. The generic strategy that should be used is focused. The Charlotte based plant has only been open for 18 months so a pricing was is something that is not wanted but yet we need to stay competitive. The way to do this is to also differentiate the company from our competitors. This will allow for certain â€Å"higher† prices because of customer loyalty and our superior products (Pearce-Robinson, 2008). Our specialty bags will play a major role in this. We will need to continue to improve our â€Å"lean† approach to our processes to help keep cost down. There are certain products that do not produce sufficient profit and may need to be reconsidered for future sales. For example, #2 bag isn’t in demand enough to warrant keeping the bag available. The downtime and change over alone makes the bag expensive to produce. The #8 bag is in high demand and we are having to buy this bag from the outside at $250k a month. If we considered another #8 machine at $600k, the machine would pay for itself in a little over 2 months. Mean while, our sales personnel will have to revise their thinking and bring our product back to the forefront of innovation when selling it to our existing customers as well as to new customers. We need to remain competitive in the market without being edge out in a pricing war with our competitors for this will certainly put us out of business. In conclusion, research is vital to the implementation and the success of the Charlotte bag plant at this moment. The plant is in a newborn state and needs to mature with the demand of the market relatively quickly. Certain measures can be taken to help with the competitive demands of the market but it is well advise to strategically place a plan into action, to have means to measure the success and way to improve any necessary adjustments as they come up. It is also advise that the actions involved every entity of the Charlotte plant so that the greatest success can be achieved. References: 1. Pearce-Robinson (2009). â€Å"Strategic Management† New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Company 2. www.internationalpaper.com 3. McFarren, Tracy: Finance/Planning Manager, International Paper 4. www.marketingteacher.com/ Research Papers on International PaperWhat are Stock OptionsGap Analysis: Lester ElectronicsA Marketing Analysis of the Fast-Food RestaurantGene One the Transition from Private to PublicDefinition of Export QuotasCash or Card?Exempt vs Non-Exempt EmployeesCombating Human TraffickingProject Management 101My Writing Experience

10 Facts on White Collar Crime for a Research Paper

10 Facts on White Collar Crime for a Research Paper White Collar crimes are financial crimes which are non-violent in nature and crimes that fall under this category are usually committed by personnel working in business or governmental organizations. Despite their non-violent nature, do you know that corporate crime in the United States causes far more damage than all the street crimes combined together? For those who dont know and are in need of hard facts, here are some statistics on white collar crime and its effects to the global community. Corporate crime results in more collateral damage than all the street crimes such as robbery, individual credit card scams, and burglary incidents if classified under one category. Putting numbers to this fact, the FBI crimes statistics unit estimates the financial losses from street crimes to approximately $3.8billion yearly while losses from corporate crime from only the healthcare industry, amount to approximately $100 to $400billion yearly. The Saving and Loans crisis which affected the Federal Savings and Loans Insurance corporation and the Resolution Trust Corporation racked up an unprecedented 400 to 500 billion dollar loss as well as the failure of a third 1043 of the 3234 savings/loans association in the United States. Corporate crimes lead to violent crimes in many situations and here are the numbers to back it up. The FBI states approximately 16000 people die yearly as a result of direct violence done to their person while approximately 56000 people die due to work related incidents or occupational diseases such as black lung cancer. It is important to note that this figure does not take into consideration the thousands that die from hospital malpractice, and hazardous consumer products or bureaucratic negligence. The publics perception of white collar crime places it as a crime more serious than Car theft but far less serious than murder. A survey conducted in 2005 by NW3C Group gives a clearer picture on how corporate crime is perceived in the US. To better understand the survey, here are the parameters used: A scale of 0 to 7 was used as the measurement scale, with 0 representing not serious while 7 represented very serious The survey saw car theft rated as the least serious crime at 4 while murder was the most serious offense at 6.89. According to the survey, corporate crime was more serious than Car theft but somewhat less serious than murder. The respective scores for the different types of white collar crimes where: Deliberately Omitting Safety Reports at 6.18 Insurance fraud at 5.83 Hacking into corporate databases at 5.6 and Embezzlement at 5.18. White collar crime arrests also spring a few surprises when one considers the percentage it contributes to the overall population arrested in the United States. Statistics from the FBI Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) show you that out of the 14.1million arrests processed across 10,974 agencies, 458, 946 were related to corporate crime. Which means corporate crime amounted to approximately 3% of total arrests. Looking deeper into these numbers we have; 118, 455 arrested for forgery, 321,521 for fraud and 18,970 arrested for embezzlement. The white collar crime demographic in the United States has also been mapped out by the FBI and statistics show that the south contributes a larger percentage to white collar crime than any other region in the United States. These are the facts: An analysis of 10.4 million arrests through the country contained the following information; 37,328 arrested on forgery and counterfeiting were made in the south, the West accounted for 23,410 arrests, the Midwest 13,984 while the Northeast accounted for 12,624 arrests. Also, the numbers for fraud and embezzlement follow this pattern. For fraud; the south leads with 140,271 arrests, followed by the Midwest 34,401, the Northeast with 34,093 arrests and the West with 22,856. Statistics on white collar crime emanating from cities, suburbs and metropolitan areas create no surprises and buttresses the fact that white collar crime occurs predominantly in cities where more commercial and governmental agencies are located. The numbers show that from the 10.4 million arrests analyzed, 64,874 people were arrested for forgery and counterfeiting in cities, 34,552 from suburban areas while metropolitan areas made up 14,944 arrests in 2005. Statistics on fraud are also not different. Arrest on fraudulent crime in cities accounted for 120, 631 of the total number, suburban areas were close behind with 115,295, metropolitan areas had 70, 881 arrests while non-metropolitan areas experienced 40,209 arrests. Analyzing white collar crimes and offenders age group points out the fact that adults are the more active party participating in white collar crimes when compared to teenagers. This is to be expected due to the opportunities and access available to adults who work as professionals in corporate organizations. According to the FBI UCR, data from 1996 showed that 5,433 teenagers were arrested for forgery while 6,947 were arrested for fraud. This is in contrast to the 120,232 adults arrested for forgery and 150,245 arrested for fraud. Another interesting fact from the FBIs research on white collar crime showed that these criminal activities among teenagers sharply declined in later years. In 2005, only 2,600 people under 18 were arrested for forgery which was a 52.1% decline when compared to 1996 while the 2005 numbers for fraud was 4,779 which led to a corresponding decrease of 32.1% compared to 1996 figures. Comparing white collar crimes and offenders gender brings to light another unsurprising fact. Men are more likely to be involved with white collar crime than women. A 2013 review of white collar crimes in courts across the United States concentrated on 483 defendants taking part in 83 representative cases showed that: Less than one in ten offenders from the 483 defendants were women. All solo executed frauds were carried out by men. No case had ever involved an all-female conspiracy to commit white collar crime. All male groups were responsible for 75% of the cases while mixed-groups involving a female were responsible for a quarter of the cases reviewed. White collar crime in the real estate sector dominates every other sector in terms of financial losses. Data from the FBI UCR showed that the arrest rate for individuals associated with property crime was almost twice the number of those arrested for fraud forgery and embezzlement put together. Property crime led to the arrest of 635,500 offenders in 1997 through 1999, while fraud accounted for 131,500 cases, embezzlement 6,500 and forgery/counterfeiting 40,700. White collar fraud is poorly prosecuted in the United States and leads to lesser incarceration or jail time than crimes classified under street crime such as robbery, carjacking, murder, peddling banned substances etc. According to a 2015 report from the Federal Bureau of Prisons, 93.7% of inmates were convicted under crimes considered as street crimes while 0.3% were convicted under crimes considered to be white collar crimes. We hope that these facts get you up the speed with white collar crime. For more material on the subject be sure to check our 20 topics on white collar crime for research paper writing along with our guide on how to tackle such academic task. References: Russel, M. (2008). Soft on Crime. http://multinationalmonitor.org/hyper/issues/1995/05/mm0595_09.html Wikipedia: The Savings and Loan Crisis. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savings_and_loan_crisis Rebekah, D. (2011). US White Collar Crime Policy too Soft. duqsm.com/us-white-collar-crime-policy-too-soft/ Gale Research. (2008). Crime, Prisons and Jails. encyclopedia.com/topic/white-collar_crime.aspx Nicel, A. (2013). When the Gender Gap is a Good Thing: Women and Corporate Crime. huffingtonpost.ca/leah-eichler/women-and-corporate-crime_b_3985784.html FBI National Press Office. (2002). The Measurement of White Collar Crime Using Uniform Crime Reporting Data. https://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel/press-releases/white-collar-crime-study Understanding White Collar Crime: Definitions, Extents and Consequences. sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/43839_2.pdf

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Economics - Essay Example The author argues that global success of various products and brands despite the vast cultural differences among the countries are the proof that the markets are getting more integrated. It mainly speaks about the need of having the products exposed to global markets. Richard E. Caves, 1980. Industrial Organization, Corporate Strategy and Structure. Journal of Economic Literature, 18(1), pp. 64-92. The above resource is a great contributor to the area of strategic management. The study mainly focused on the impact of a strategic choice on company’s behaviour and performance on the markets. Toder, Eric J., Cardell, Nicholas Scott., Burton, Ellen, 1978. Trade Policy and the U.S. Automobile Industry. United States: Praeger. The above book focuses mainly on the importance of scale of operations. It makes a comparison between U.S. and Japanese automobile industry. It clearly describes how in the 1970’s U.S. automobile industry suffered due to low scale of operation. Chapter 17 Brian, Arthur, 1996. Increasing Returns and the New World of Business. Harvard Business Review. July/Aug 1996. p. 2-10. This is an article that examines the theories laid out by Alfred Marshall and other fellow economists. This article makes a contrast between the diminishing returns concept passed on by the economists and increasing returns concept of the present century. The author says that the concept of diminishing returns is valid only in a bulk processing economy of Marshall’s age. He says that in today’s world of technology driven business, the concept that will determines success is ‘increasing returns.’ Chapter 18 Yip, George, 2000. Global Strategy in the Twenty-First Century. United States: Prentice Hall. The author stresses on the importance of companies to go global. The chapter begins by saying that in the 1980’s globalizing the business was a matter of debate and discussion. But when it came to 21st century companies restrain from globalizing only if they have valid reason for doing so. The author says that today’s multinational companies can be classified as internationalist, federalist and global maximizer. The main theme of the article is that companies should become as global as possible and at the same time should localise their products to be successful globally. This article is one of the greatest contributions to the field of globalization. Internal strengths of Motorola Brand Image: The first and foremost strength of Motorola is that it is one of the best brands in the world. Motorola is a brand that is being recognized for reputation, quality and innovation. Motorola is one of the largest used gadgets in most developed countries though it is just an establishing brand in developing countries. Pioneer of Technology: The second major strength of Motorola is that it is the pioneer in various technologies in the telecommunication industry. It was Motorola which introduced the world’s first hand held cellular phone. Motorola was the first company to introduce push-to-talk system in a mobile phone. The company’s latest innovation is the digital high definition television. Product range: The next major strength of Motorola is its wide product range. Apart from wireless handsets, Motorola is also a competing player in wireless accessories, digital entertainment application, voice and data communication systems, wireless access systems and enterprise mobility

Film Analysis of Some Like it Hot Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Film Analysis of Some Like it Hot - Movie Review Example They have to dress and act like girls. Although they start liking the female members of the band, they cannot tell them so since they are not willing to reveal their identity. Joe is in love with a band member called sugar. On the other hand, a millionaire called Osgood Fielding wants a relationship with Daphne and even invites him on a yacht. Though not openly stated, the theme of politics is somehow featured in the movie. The changed identity is depictive of how politicians change when they are elected. They forget what they are supposed to represent and start focusing on their own selfish issues. Just like, Joe and Daphne managed to conceal their identity and convince people that they were female. Politicians possess several identities, which they adopt depending on where they are. At times, they use their multiple identities to deceive people (Wilder, Castle and Auiler 66-71, 81-83). 2. Does the film’s maker (writer, director) have their own unique point of view on the pol itics and/ or cultural life in the 1950s if so, what is it? Explain. Although the movie was set when issues such as sexuality were not serious, the movie features these themes. The filmmakers of I like it Hot have a unique point of view regarding cultural life. A good example is shown when Osgood falls in love with Jerry thinking that he is a woman. However, when Osgood realizes Jerry is a man, he does not care. This is a unique outlook on the issue of homosexuality. Anybody would have expected Osgood to avoid Jerry’s company completely, considering the movie was shot in 1950’s. A period when few would publicly acknowledge they were gay. Another unique outlook that the makers of some like it hot demonstrate is on the first glance appearances. Most of the characters adopt a deceptive attitude, which is revealed later. Jerry and Joe pretend to be male and through them, the true nature of characters such as Sugar and Osgood are revealed. Through Joe we learn of Sugars yea rning for money. Through Jerry, Osgood is revealed as being heterosexual (Wilder, Castle and Auiler 112-118). 3. Does this movie have messages or themes? Identify them. Do you think that the movie’s themes and messages still relevant to audiences of 2012? Why or why not? Explain. The movie â€Å"Some Like it Hot† was remarkably ahead of time. It features themes on issues that are being witnessed in the contemporary society. In the movie, there is an issue of a man wanting to marry another man knowingly. This is quite similar to the recent happenings regarding gay marriages. The issue has been viewed with suspicion with most people opposing it utterly. In addition to sexuality, the movie features the issues of sexism and cross-dressing, which are concerns of the modern society. As the movie uncovers the difficult role that women were supposed to play are revealed (Wilder, Castle and Auiler 200-205). Another theme is the theme of sex, gender confusion. Jerry pretends to be female to appoint where he appears confused about his real identity. This theme would apply in the contemporary society where people appear unsure about their sexuality. Some people opt to go undergo surgery to alter their sexuality hoping to escape from the problems associated with certain gender. Although Jerry and Joe alter their gender for different reasons, their reluctant to revel their identity reflects the contemporary sex identity conflicts. Another theme feature in the movie is the theme of crime. Joe and Jerry are running away from a mob that